Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Financial - Essay Example China embraced this very technique and henceforth, scaled the pinnacle of development post globalization, albeit different economies around the globe need to make up for the equivalent. Consequently China got supplications for a money thankfulness from countries around the globe; by and by, it only from time to time gave such an activity a genuine idea as it took steps to hinder its monetary development however in the short run. In any case, China’s national bank as of late displayed consistence to these outer solicitations when it climbed the base money hold proportion to be kept up by Chinese business banks, by 0.5%. This progression be that as it may, was an all around thought one as it in a roundabout way additionally preferred the country’s financial development. Climb in Cash Reserve Ratio Banks regularly hold a specific measure of stores which is a piece of the stores which it gets from its clients. These stores are held as a shield against any uncommon emergency coming upon the economy. Truth be told, the sums that these banks ought to obligatorily keep down are chosen by the summit focal fiscal body based on various components including the dangers of being lowered under an emergency. The national bank typically announces a necessary save proportion which the basic business banks must go along to and keep up as a piece of the all out stores which they get. Out of this save necessity that they hold, a specific sum should be kept up with the concerned national bank of the nation as money save proportion. Reason for CRR is to go about as a shield or insurance against any emergency. For example, on the off chance that that any bank needs more cash than it has with itself anytime of time; in such circumstances, the bank may turn towards the concerned national bank which advances this sum in the long run. The Chinese Central Bank declared an extra money hold proportion of 0.5% over what the local business banks had been keeping up at first with the previous. This progression was accepted as an improvement attributable to demands for money thankfulness originating from countries all around the globe. Such a measure expanded the liabilities of the Chinese Central Bank as increasingly more money began streaming in from business banks. The business banks notwithstanding, encountered an expansion in their advantages therefore given that a climb in CRR suggested an expansion in the stores of these banks. Effect upon the economy of China Central Bank of China’s approach of expanding the CRR by an extra 0.5%, inferred a decrease in the sum that the business banks subsidiary with it, could progress to potential borrowers. Subsequently, the essential ramifications had been a decrease in the measure of cash being flowed through the country. On an auxiliary premise, to check the measure of advance requests, the business banks were prompted to raise the market pace of premium which adversely influenced the volume of interests i n the economy. In this manner, GDP is probably going to fall. Also, when GDP falls, so does the measure of utilization and speculation while, the interest for imports increment. Thus, during the subsequent stage, the economy is described by an expanded decrease in GDP inferable from decreases in utilization, venture and net fares. Effect on Money Multiplier Money multiplier, spoke to is the rate at which an economy can make credit given the economy’s financial base; it is spoken to as, MM = (1 + c/d)/(r/d + c/d); where, c/d ? Money Deposit

Bonnie and Clyde free essay sample

In December 1967 Time magazine reported a ‘renaissance’ in American film culture exemplified by Bonnie and Clyde. Fundamentally survey the film, its effect and inheritance. American film industry has been having emergency since the finish of World War II. Be that as it may, the most serious emergency began in the post-war years and finished in the time of the late 60s and mid 70s when the Big Hollywood Studios went to the verge of liquidation. In 1967, when Bonnie and Clyde was created and discharged, it brought the American film industry into another period which brought about a Hollywood renaissance that arrived at its top in the mid-seventies. As a result, executives were out of nowhere turned into the focal point of the American filmmaking industry, and a few studios, for example, Warner Brothers and Columbia, ‘responded by making low-spending creation units devoted to delivering crafted by energizing new gifts like Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese and Peter Bogdanovich. ’ (Miller, 2005) The term ‘New Hollywood’ was presented after the achievement of Bonnie and Clyde. Meanwhile, Bonnie and Clyde is considered as one of the first of the ‘New Hollywood’ time. New Hollywood (or otherwise called Hollywood Renaissance) films like Bonnie and Clyde (1967), The Graduate (1967), and Easy Rider (1969) stamped represented an arrival to a genuinely American Cinema. In addition, the films’ aesthetic sensibilities carried them closer to their European partners. As a result, the time of the late 60s and mid 70s flagged a resurrection of the American Film and made ready for what is presently called New Hollywood. Bonnie and Clyde is an American wrongdoing movie coordinated by Arthur Penn and was discharged in 1967. The film stars Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway as the title Characters Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. The film got assaults by the pundits from around the world when it previously discharged on film in August. By November Bonnie and Clyde has become the most famous film of the year. As indicated by Cook, the film has become so well known that ‘its heroes became religion figures. Twofold breasted suits and fedora caps of the sort worn by Clyde were extremely popular in men’s dress, and Bonnie’s thirties hemlines incidentally expelled the miniskirt from the universe of women’s style. You could even purchase straightforward decals with which to reproduce slug gaps on the windshield of your vehicle in impersonation of a popular shot from the film. ’ (Cook, 1981) Bonnie and Clyde is a rough hoodlum film joining satire, fear, love, and savage savagery. The story discusses two criminals, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow. Bonnie Parker met Clyde Barrow when Clyde was attempting to take her mother’s vehicle. Very quickly, Bonnie forsakes her fantasies about turning into a famous actor and takes off on a hurricane voyage through Depression-period Texas, where they become amazing burglars. As their acclaim develops, so does their group with the expansion of corner store chaperon C. W. Greenery and Clyde’s sibling and sister-in-law. In any case, with their developing reputation as cutting edge Robin Hoods and killers comes the expanding danger of a lethal run-in with the law. After a shocking encounter with Bonnie’s family, in which she understands that she actually can’t return home again, they are trapped in a progression of always lethal ambushes that destroy the Barrow Gang and take steps to end the legend of Bonnie and Clyde. This film depends on the genuine occasion and individuals. Bonnie and Clyde were notable fugitives, looters, and lawbreakers who ventured to every part of the Central United States with their pack during the Great Depression. Bonnie and Clyde turned out to be extremely well known among the general public is on the grounds that it portrays the narrative of Bonnie and Clyde’s rise and pointless fall as hostile to tyrant criminal hoodlums. ‘Their targets are not the everyday citizens but rather the voracious banks and the armed forces of police that ensure kinds of the rebellious saints who have become to rule such a significant number of American movies since, and they reverberated flawlessly with the progressive tenor of the late sixties. (Cook, 1981) The film, with many restricting states of mind and moves in tone, is a cross between hoodlum film, disastrous sentimental conventions, a street film and amigo film, and parody. Besides, it ‘exemplified huge numbers of the attributes of trial film-production from the French New Wave development. ’ (Dirks, 2003) In the interim, the publicizing banner declared Bonnie and Clyde as â€Å"They’re young†¦they’re in love†¦and they slaughter individuals. † The film additionally delineates this two criminal couples being executed toward the end, however they were pulverized, in light of the fact that Bonnie and Clyde were shot deplorably. Indeed, even today the grouping has a practically insufferable power in light of the fact that our emotional recognizable proof with the characters is so finished. ’ (Cook, 1981) In the late 1960s, the film’s thoughtful, progressive characters and its social analysis engaged enemy of power American youth who were a piece of the counter-social development fighting the Vietnam War, the degenerate social request, and the U. S. government’s job. The criminal couple’s thefts of banks, was seen to some degree thoughtfully by the provincial seized, during when the organiz ations were ‘robbing’ and destroying obligated. The thefts of the marvelous, thrill-chasing youthful couple †generally honest and minor toward the start of their wrongdoing binge, shockingly grow into progressively vicious and dangerous ventures. ’ (Dirks, 2003) Pauline Kael, an American film pundit, additionally valued the film and cheered the brutality as vital to its significance. She says in her audit: â€Å"It is a sort of brutality that says something to us; it is something that specialists must be allowed to utilize Will we, as certain individuals have proposed, be attracted into mimicking the fierce violations of Clyde and Bonnie on the grounds that Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway are ‘glamorous’? It’s hard to perceive how, since the characters they play are frightened by it and eventually decimated by it†¦Bonnie and Clyde needs viciousness, brutality is its significance. † (Harris, 2008) The effect of savagery in the film was affirmed by the following accomplishments of Badlands (1973). Barren wasteland is likewise a film about a criminal couple which dependent on the Starkweather-Fugate murdering binge of the 1958, featuring a fifteen-year-old young lady and her quarter century former sweetheart butchered her whole family and a few others in the Dakota barren wasteland. Simple Rider (1969) is likewise one of Bonnie and Clyde inheritance. It discusses two countercultural bikers who go from Los Angeles to New Orleans looking for America. The Wild Bunch (1969) adjusted the brutality in Bonnie and Clyde, delineated by a maturing gathering of bandits who search for one final enormous score as the ‘traditional’ American West is vanishing around them. Other than that, Thelma amp; Louise (1991) changed ‘outlaw couple’ into two female, otherwise called Thelma and Louise. The two of them had a real existence and one day they chose to break out of their ordinary life and hop in the vehicle and hit the street. Louise executed a man who takes steps to assault Thelma during the excursion, and soon they were pursued by the American police while they attempt to get away to Mexico. In actuality, Bonnie and Clyde is an incredible and significant film after right around fifty years of discharge. It has been called ‘the first American film’ and ‘its impacts can undoubtedly be followed into the future works of acclaimed chiefs like Terrence Malik, Martin Scorsese, Sam Peckinpah, and Quentin Tarantino. ’ (Koban, 2004) The film had the option to make pundits reconsider, flash design patterns, and start another insurgency inside Hollywood. Alongside numerous other insurrectionary developments, Bonnie and Clyde started a disorderly development inside the film business. ‘The more youthful age identified with the more profound importance of Bonnie and Clyde while the more seasoned age dismissed one more assault on their conventional qualities and standards. ’ (Emma, 2005) References Cook, D. A. , 1981. A past filled with story film. Norton, New York. Dirks, T. , 2003. Bonnie and Clyde (1967). URL http://www. filmsite. organization/bonn. html (got to 12. 4. 12). Emma, 2005. Bonnie and Clyde Paper | Emma’s History Portfolio. URL http://299history. umwblogs. organization/history-portfolio/history-299/bonnie-and-clyde-paper/(got to 12. 5. 12). Harris, M. , 2008. Pictures at an upheaval? : five motion pictures and the introduction of the new Hollywood. Penguin Press, New York. Koban, C. J. , 2004. BONNIE AND CLYDE. URL http://www. craigerscinemacorner. com/Reviews/bonnie_and_clyde. htm (got to 12. 6. 12). Mill operator, F. , 2005. The Essentials Bonnie and Clyde Turner Classic Movies. URL http://www. tcm. com/this-month/article/24133|24134/The-Essentials-Bonnie-and-Clyde. html (got to 12. 5. 12).

Why Students Take Drugs in College

Why Students Take Drugs in College 3 Reasons why Students Take Drugs in College Home›Education Posts›3 Reasons why Students Take Drugs in College Education PostsStudent’s drug use is one of the most significant problems in colleges. Very often, when students start their academic life, they face such problem as drug abuse. One may think “why students take drugs in college?” It is a very good question. There are so many reasons students may become drug users such as relaxing, escaping from bad memories, easing pain, fitting in, and others.   They think that drugs will help them to cope with problems, however, they do not understand that drugs only worsen it. Starting from the first intake of drugs, students get into prison of drug dependence. It may cause serious consequences such as health problems, poor academic performance, random sexual contacts, and addiction. It is clear that students know all these risks but still get into drug dependence. You may ask why?Looking where to BUY AN ESSAY?Save your time an d money! Use QualityCustomEssays.com professionals service to get an A+ paper Place an order get 15%offfor your first orderHere are 3 main reasons why students begin taking drugs in college:Bad companyPeople with whom we communicate have a great influence on us. Students come to college, find new friends, and establish new connections. Of course it is good, but sometimes they may get into bad company. Since students want to fit in with their new friends’ way of life, they start imitating them. Good advice for such students is to stop copying others, be yourself and avoid companies where people do not really understand what consequences drug abuse may lead to.Overcoming troubles in studyingAs students have a lot of different tasks, they do not know how to cope with all of them. They are overloaded and do not see another way to feel themselves with energy as to start taking drugs. It’s true, some drugs arouse a feeling of energy, but then after a few sleepless nights, your organi sm is tired and exhausted. Do not fall into drug trap since health is the biggest treasure in our life. Therefore, whenever you cannot overcome all academic troubles, do not choose the road of addiction since it is better to contact qualitycustomessays.com  and get help needed.Relieving from stressCollege is really very stressful period of our life. We cannot cope with all obstacles and stressful situations, therefore, some students consider that drugs will help them. It is a false thought since they only worsen the situation aggravating your stress and causing drug addiction.Our life is full of temptations but it is our choice whether to yield to or resist them!

The Secret Power of Your Mind

Your mind is a very powerful thing, and most of us take it for granted. We believe we arent in control of what we think because our thoughts seem to fly in and out all day long. But you are in control of your thoughts, and you become what you think about. And that little kernel of truth is the secret power of the mind.   Its really not a secret after all. The power is available to every single person, including you. And its free. The secret is that you are what you think. You become what you think about. You can create the life you want, simply by thinking the right thoughts. Earl Nightingale on The Strangest Secret In 1956, Earl Nightingale wrote The Strangest Secret in an attempt to teach people the power of the mind, the power of thought. He said, you become what you think about all day long. Nightingales inspiration came from Napoleon Hills book, Think and Grow Rich, published in 1937. For 75 years (and likely long before that), this simple secret has been taught to adults around the world. At the very least, the knowledge has been available to us. How the Power of the Mind Can Work to Improve Your Life We are creatures of habit. We tend to follow the picture in our minds created by our parents, our neighborhoods, our towns and the part of the world from which we come. For good or for bad. But we dont have to. We each have a mind of our own, capable of imagining life the way we want it. We can say yes or no to the million choices we each encounter every single day. Sometimes its good to say no, of course, or we wouldnt get anything at all done. But the most successful people say yes to life overall. They are open to possibilities. They believe they have the power to make changes in their lives. They arent afraid to try new things  or to fail. In fact, many of the most successful companies reward people who have the courage to try new things, even if they fail, because the things we call failures often turn into extremely successful things. Did you know Post-It Notes were a mistake in the beginning? How to Use the Power of Your Mind Start imagining your life the way you want it. Create a picture in your mind and think about that picture steadfastly all day long. Believe in it. You dont have to tell anybody. Have your own quiet confidence that you can make the picture in your mind come true. You will start making different choices in line with your picture. You will take small steps in the right direction. Youll also encounter obstacles. Dont let these obstacles stop you. If you hold your picture of the life you want steadfast in your mind, you will eventually create that life. What have you got to lose? Close your eyes and start now. You will become what you think about.

Lewis and Clark Expedition - 1018 Words

James Jang William and Meriwether, better known as Lewis and Clark, were hired by the U.S. president Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly bought Louisiana Purchase. The Louisiana Purchase was bought from France in 1803. Lewis and Clark started their expedition in 1804 near St. Louis. The group of explorers called themselves the corps of discovery. In the first winter they were helped by a Shoshone Indian named Sacagawea. Their journey was full of trouble and challenges but in the end led to a great discovery that changed the lives and beliefs of people everywhere. Their expedition stretched from camp wood to fort Clatsop. Lewis and Clark knew each other from the war where Clark was under William Lewis’s command later then Thomas Jefferson recruited Clark to lead this exploration and then he went to William Lewis to ask him to come along with him. Their expedition was full of confusing water ways that could potentially ruin their exploration for the most convenient route throu gh the Louisiana Purchase. One problem was that America claimed parts of land that were occupied by the Native Americans; this was a problem because this caused many disputes between Americans and the Natives that lived there. This expedition was not to find trade roots or to search for science but was to discover the Louisiana Purchase. In May of 1804 the expedition started off in camp Dubois next they arrive at St. Charles, and then they ventured on the Missouri river. Next in June the journey movesShow MoreRelatedThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1333 Words   |  6 PagesMeriwether Lewis. Lewis turned for assistance and invited the U.S soldier and experienced outdoorsman, William Clark, to share command of this legendary expedition. The explorers marched to the unexpected challenges and experiences that laid within the unfamiliar land. Their contributions to the extraordinary expedition provided valuable information regarding the topography and ecology the Louisiana territory had t o offer. Appointed for the Position The Lewis and Clark Expedition coveredRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1405 Words   |  6 Pages Sacajawea is a renowned Native American woman who played a significant role in the Lewis and Clark Expedition. As stated by Brown, â€Å"She turned to dreaming of the future, of what it might hold for Pomp (her son), as she had dreamed of what might lie ahead for her when she had learned she was to be going on the expedition. But it was no dream that she had become a part of history† (110). Although most of her history is unclear, one thing is definite - without the help of Sacajawea, the United StatesRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lewis and Clark expedition was a truth that was to become the crowning accomplishment in the lifetime of the brilliant thinker, inventor, and founding father, Thomas Jefferson . It has become a profounding turning point throughout America’s history. Investigating the recently obtained L ouisiana Territory, which nearly doubled the size of the country, arranged Jefferson the opportunity to widen the boundaries of the United States to include both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The threat of theRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1415 Words   |  6 PagesCaptain Meriwether Lewis and William Clark put their lives on the line only to return with information regarding the Pacific Northwest of the United States territory. Their reasons behind this journey, being to expand the United States to the West, involved the entire nation but debatably, their accomplishments and the reaction of others became a major part of today’s history. The foremost reason behind the Lewis and Clark expedition was all based on Thomas Jefferson’s, president at the time, interestRead MoreThe Expedition Of Lewis And Clark1270 Words   |  6 PagesWithout the expedition of Lewis and Clark, the American history that people know would be completely different changing the accomplishments in history. The background and experience Lewis and Clark already developed prior to the expedition would be very beneficial and help make the journey easier. The development of the mission played a key part in the expedition itself because if the development did not play out exactly how Jefferson planned, then the expedition may not have been as successful.Read MoreThe Expedition of Lewis and Clark581 Words   |  2 PagesThis report is on Lewis and Clarks adventure through the United States. On May 14,1803 William Clark and nearly four dozen other men met up with Meriwether Lewis on May 20. The Lewis and Clark Expeditio,n The Corps of Discovery began making its way up the †¢. \\?\ \? Missouri on a †¢ss-toot-long ship and two smaller boats. As they traveled,Clark spent most of his time on the ship journaling the course and making maps. Lewis wa s often on the shore, studying the rock formations, soil,animalsRead MoreThe Expedition Of Lewis And Clark1522 Words   |  7 PagesMany people in America know of the historical expedition of Lewis and Clark, but only a few know of the expedition to California led by Jedediah Smith. This expedition took place after Thomas Jefferson signed the papers to acquire a huge region in the west through the Louisiana Purchase. After this expansion many people were eager to explore the west and among those was Jedediah Smith. From his childhood, Smith dreamed one day of exploring the unknown west part of the United States. He once saidRead MoreLewis And Clark Expedition : The Great Expedition2140 Words   |  9 Pages Lewis and Clark Expedition The Lewis and Clark expedition was amongst one of the first major American expeditions. This expedition helped the United States advance in science, land as well as gaining many valuable resources. The Lewis and Clark expedition is also an amazing American story. Lewis and Clark went through extraordinary situations to expedite Americas growth and science. They accomplished this expedition with strenuous encounters with the NativeRead MoreLewis and Clark Expedition Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will explain why Lewis and Clark are two of the greatest explorers in American history. Some of the distinguishing factors of these explorers and the three main points in this paper are their exploration of the uncharted west by way of the Missouri river, the many discoveries made along the way, and the effect they had on the westward expansion of the United States. In January 1803, Thomas Jefferson sent a confidential message to Congress asking for approval and funding of the explorationRead MoreThe Lewis and Clark Expedition Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, it was unknown what was out there. Jefferson planned an exploratory expedition and called upon Meriwether Lewis to lead it. Jefferson was very interested in what was in the west lands. Much was involved in the carrying out of this expedition; the preparations for this trip, what happened during their long journey west, and the return home. This expedition was very important in the development of the United States. Lewis went to Philadelphia for short courses in medicine, celestial observation

Bruce Lee †the Art of Expressing the Human Body Free Essays

c::: I I I –I iii compiled and edited by John Little  » I  » :::c I c. n The Bruce ~ee ~ibrarij — As revealed through the notes, letters, diaries, interviews, reading annotations, and library of Bruce Lee The 8rt of Expressing the Human Hod~ By John Little TUTTLE PUBLISHING To kyo  · Rutland , Verm ont  · Sin gapore Disclaimer: Please note that the publisher and author(s) of this instructional book are NOT RESPONSIBLE in any manner whatsoever for any injury that may result from practicing the techniques and/or following the instructions given within. Martial Arts training can be dangerous- both to you and to others- if not practiced safely. We will write a custom essay sample on Bruce Lee – the Art of Expressing the Human Body or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you’re in doubt as [0 how to proceed or whether your practice is safe, consult with a trained martial arts teacher before beginning. Since the physical activities described herein may be too strenuous in nature for some readers, it is also essential that a physician be consulted prior to training. All photos appearing in this hook are courtesy of the archive of Linda Lee Cadwell, the Estate of Bruce Lee, and Warner Brothers Films. First published in 1998 by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. , with editorial offices ar 364 Innovation Drive, N orth Clarendon, Vermont 05759. Copyright  © 1998Linda Lee Cadwell All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. Library of Congress Caraloging-in-Publicarion Dara Lee, Bruce, 1940-1973. The art of expressing the human body / by Bruce Lee: compiled and edited by John Lirrle p. cm. -{the Bruce Lee library: v. 4) ISBN 0-8048-3129-7 (pb) I. Bodybuilding- Training. 2. Physical Fitness. 3. Lee, Bruce. Lee, Bruce, 1940-1973. Bruce Lee library: v. 4. GV546. 5. L44 1998 6 I3. 7’I– How to cite Bruce Lee – the Art of Expressing the Human Body, Papers

Tomatoe Diseases Essays - Fusarium Wilt, Alternaria Solani

Tomatoe Diseases Bacterial Spot (bacterial - Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria) Infected leaves show small, brown, water soaked, circular spots about one-eighth inch in diameter. The spots may have a yellow halo. This is because the centers dry out and frequently tear. on older plants the leaflet infection is mostly on older leaves and may cause serious defoliation. The most striking symptoms are on the green fruit. Small, water-soaked spots first appear which later become raised and enlarge until they are one-eighth to one-fourth inch in diameter. Centers of these lesions become light brown and slightly sunken with a rough, scabby surface. Ripe fruits are not susceptible to the disease.. but the surface of the seed becomes contaminated with the bacteria The organism may also alternate hosts over winter, by getting on volunteer tomato plants and on infected plant debris. Moist weather and splattering rains are ecential to disease development. Most outbreaks of the disease can be traced back to heavy rainstorms that occur in the area. the Infection of the leaves may occur through natural openings. The infection of other fruits may occur through insect punctures, sandblasting and other mechanical injury means. Bacterial spot is difficult to control once it appears in the field. Late Blight (fungal - Phytophthora infestans) Lesions produced on the leaves are at first large, greenish-black, and water-soaked. These areas enlarge, becoming brown, and under humid conditions, develop a white moldy growth near the edge of the diseased area on the lower surface of the leaves or on stems. The disease spreads rapidly under humid conditions, destroying large areas of tissue. Fruit lesions occur as large, green to dark brown, mostly on the upper half of the fruit. Also, a white moldy growth may appear on fruits in humid conditions. The fungus produces an abundant number of spores which may be splashed by rains or be airborne. These spores infect healthy leaves, stems and fruit if weather conditions are good. Ideal conditions for late blight development are cool nights, moderately warm days, abundant moisture. Hot and dry weather reduces disease development. Gray Leaf Spot (fungal : Stemphylium solani) First infection appears as small, brownish-black specks on the lower leaves that extend through to the under surface of the leaf. These spots usually remain small, but may enlarge until they are about one-eighth inch in diameter. The spots become glazed and the centers crack. Infected leaves usually die and fall off. spots may also form on the stems of the host plant. Leaf-Mold Causal Agent(s): (fungal - Fulvia (Cladosporium) fulvum) Leaf mold is usually first observed on older leaves near the soil where air movement is poor and humidity is high. At first, diffuse whitish spots appear on the upper surfaces of older leaves; these rapidly enlarge and become yellow. Under humid conditions, the lower surface of these spots become covered with a gray, velvety growth of the spores produced by the fungus. When conditions are proper for fungal development, large areas of the field are infected, plants are weakened and the crop is greatly reduced. The fungus produces abundant spores during periods of high temperature and very high relative humidity. Infection occurs readily, and the disease becomes established in the fields quickly. The best control of this disease is by using a preventative fungicide program at 7 to 10 day intervals, the same as used for late and early blight control. Buckeye Rot Causal Agent(s): (fungal - Phytophthora parasitica) This disease occurs on tomato mainly on the fruit, particularly where it touches the soil. The fungus is different from the one causing late blight, which affects both leaves and fruit. Buckeye rot is first noticed as a light green water-soaked area on the fruit. Later, dark zonate bands can be seen on the surface of affected areas. The surface of the lesion is usually smooth and firm. With time, the entire fruit will rot. The fungus lives in the soil and it can also affect pepper. The disease is more troublesome in heavy, poorly drained soils during prolonged warm wet weather. Nailhead Spot Causal Agent(s): (fungal - Alternaria tomato) Leaf symptoms are the same as those caused by early blight on fruits; however, spots are smaller, with slightly sunken centers and dark margins. As the spots become older, the edges become roughened. On ripe fruit, the tissue immediately around the spots often remains green. Control is